Sports governing bodies regulate and enforce rules within sports (e.g., setting eligibility to compete, overseeing specific sports). They include bodies like FIFA, the IOC, WADA, and national federations.

Judicial review is a legal process by which courts examine whether a body has acted lawfully and fairly.

In Ang Bagong Bayani v. COMELEC (2001), the Supreme Court of the Philippines held that the party-list system is primarily intended to benefit marginalized and underrepresented sectors. It imposed strict requirements, including that participating party-list groups must represent these sectors and that their nominees must come from them.

However, this was revised in Atong Paglaum v. COMELEC (2013). The Court ruled that the party-list system is not exclusively for marginalized and underrepresented sectors; therefore, non-sectoral and non-marginalized parties (e.g., national and regional parties) were allowed to participate.

The Masungi Georeserve in the Upper Marikina River Basin was originally part of a joint venture between the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and Blue Star Construction Development Corporation. The 1997 agreement planned 5,000 housing units on 130 hectares, and in 2002, it was expanded to 300 hectares for 5,000 more units, even though few homes had been built on the original land and no public bidding took place.

The expansion included the Discovery trail, sparking Blue Star and the Masungi Georeserve Foundation Inc.'s shift to conservation, reforestation, and eco-tourism. In the recent years, the georeserve and its rangers have gained international recognition for protecting biodiversity and the watershed.

However, in 2025, the DENR canceled the agreement due to legal and procedural issues.

A carbon border tax is a tariff on imported goods based on the greenhouse gas emissions generated during their production. Its purpose is to reflect differences in how countries regulate or price carbon emissions by adjusting the cost of imported goods accordingly.

Kenya's border with Somalia has been closed since 2011, when Kenya launched a military incursion against al-Shabab, an al-Qaeda affiliated Islamist militant group based in Somalia, following a series of deadly attacks on Kenyan soil. President Ruto has announced the border will reopen in April 2026, with heavy security deployment planned.

A windfall tax is a one-off or temporary tax levied on specific industries that record profits due to unforeseen economic events such as commodity price surges or market shifts.

Abundance liberalism is a political and economic approach that focuses on increasing the supply of essential goods and services such as housing, energy, healthcare, and infrastructure. It emphasizes reducing unnecessary regulations and bureaucratic barriers that can make these goods scarce or expensive.

Jianna is a 42-year-old who has recently come to understand herself as a trans woman. She is legally married and has two pre-teen children. She cares deeply about her family and values her role within it, but she is no longer romantically or sexually attracted to her spouse.

She has not yet socially or medically transitioned but strongly wants to. 

In her context, a “stable time” refers to a point where she can maintain her role as a provider and reduce the risk of losing key relationships and support systems, though she is uncertain whether such a time will come.